第十三集
主讲者:
日本高野山真言宗【东密】第五十三世 三国传灯灌顶阿阇梨
贤首宗兼慈恩宗第四十二世法脉传人:释成观阿阇梨
好,请合掌。
Join your palms, please。
南无本师释迦牟尼佛(三称)
Namo Root Guru Shakyamuni Buddha(三称)
开经偈:
无上甚深微妙法 百千万劫难遭遇
我今见闻得受持 愿解如来真实义
好,请放掌。
Release your palms,Today,we are going to cover a little of Islam。
今天我们要讲一点伊斯兰教,又叫回教。
Because we have covered most of the previous religions,So,now we are going to cover this important religion。
因为我们前面已经谈到一些重要的宗教,现在也应该要谈伊斯兰教,这也是很重要的宗教。
First of all,I would Say that Islam is a development or off-shoot of Christianity。
伊斯兰教是基督教的发展,或是发挥、发展,或者是分歧,它的分枝。
because most of its doctrines are based on Christianity。
因为它大部分的那个教义呢,都依据基督教而来。
But there are some varietiesor discrepancies with Christianity。
但是它跟基督教却有一些不同或是分歧的部分,教义有些改变。
Such is like the nowadays,Yi-guan-dao (一贯道)and Buddhism。
这就好像现在的一贯道跟佛教一样。
Yi-guan-dao (一贯道)is a development,or a variation of Buddhism,and it was developed from Buddhism,but only part of the doctrines,was taken from Buddhism,So, its doctrine is very narrow and limited。
但一贯道呢,是从佛教摘出来的,它的教义呢,只有部分是从佛教里面出来,而且它的教义就很狭窄、很简单。
So,It is almost the same between Islam and Christianity。
在伊斯兰教跟基督教来比较呢,就有点像一贯道跟佛教一样。
First of all,I would like to familiarize everybody with some terms。
开始的时候我想让大家熟悉一下,一些伊斯兰教的一些名词。
First of all ,the term Islam,Islam is from Arabic,It's pronounced as islam。
「伊斯兰」是从阿拉伯文来的,阿拉伯文是念islam,因为它这个长音嘛。
islam comes from salama,salama means submission to god's will。
salama 的意思呢,这是阿拉伯文的salama 的意思,是服从神的意旨。所以,伊斯兰教的意思就是你要服从上帝或神的意志的意思,叫作Islam 。
And then, Muslim,Muslim means adherent of lslam。
伊斯兰教教徒叫做Muslim,慕思林(穆斯林),伊斯兰教徒呢。
The Muslims should make a pilgrimage once each year,once a year。
穆斯林教徒啊,就每年啊要到麦加去朝圣一次。
But later on,because it is so difficult,so it has become that at least one in your lifetime ,you need to make a pilgrimage to Mecca。
但因为太困难了,所以呢,后来就发展成说,你至少一生要去麦加朝圣一次。
And the Muslim needs to make prayers five times a day,,facing the direction of Mecca。
就是伊斯兰教徒呢,每一天要祈祷五次,面向麦加祈祷五次。
and on Lamadam,and Muslims also have to fast on Lamadam,Lamadam is the September,or the ninth month of lslam,they need to fast one month。
就在回教九月那一整个月呢,他们必须要断食,Lamadam拉马丹就是回教的九月啦,断食,所以这就是佛在经中里面讲的外道断食啊,外道斋,斋有佛法斋,有外道斋,这就是外道斋。佛法的斋呢是中道的,对不对?全年的这样子,就过午不食啊。但是外道斋就是很急促的,而且很……就极端的,这样子。他们除了断食以外,他们还要灌肠、洗肠,用河水,除了断食以外,河水灌肠,这样子,OK。
So, this majorly the devotion of the Muslims,Islam is also called Mohammedanism,It has Allah as the sole supreme true god or deity,with Mohammed as the chief prophet and founder。
Mohammedanism 就是穆罕默德教啦,就是回教。
But the Muslims don't call their religion,Mohammedanism 。
但是伊斯兰教教徒呢,并不称他们自己的宗教叫做「穆罕默德教」。
It is called by other people,who don't believe in lslam。
就不信回教的人把回教称为「穆罕默德教」。
Because their founder is called Mohammed。
so,变成这样子,Allah 是唯一的真神,穆罕默德是主要的先知以及创立者。
Mohammed does not call himself as God, or God's Son or something like that,but calls himself prophet。
穆罕默德并不自称他是神,或是神之子,或是什么,或是圣人啊,而称他自己是先知。
and he professed that he is the last,and the most important prophet。
而称他是最后一个,而且是最重要的先知。
and the one prophet before him is Jesus。
而他说耶稣呢是他之前的前一位先知,所以他是排在耶稣之后。
and he also does not recognize,Jesus as the son of God,but call him also a prophet only。
他并不称耶稣是神之子,而说耶稣也只是先知,所以,他跟耶稣是平等的。所以这跟洪秀全有点类似,洪秀全尊耶稣为天兄,那他是天弟,对不对?天的弟弟。
So, he becomes the brother of Jesus,And now, the term Allah,「Allah」 comes from Arabic。
「阿拉」是从阿拉伯文来的。
But in Arabic, the 「a」 has a long pronunciation,a long「a」。
所以「阿拉」这个「阿」是长音。
In Arabic, 「al」 means 「the」,「ilah」 means 「god」,所以,「al」plus 「ilah」-the god,所以「阿拉」就是「al」加上「ilah」那就是the god,the god就是唯一的神啊,akin to Hebrew,跟希伯来文(犹太人的文字)类似,就 eloah,希伯来文eloah means God。希伯莱文的 eloah是神的意思,所以,Allah就是神的意思了。
and then the Chinese 「Hui-jiao」(回教)。接着讲中文所谓的回教。
The Chinese「Hui-jiao」,is also called 「Hui-hui-jiao」(回回教),or「Qing-zhen-jiao」(清真教)。
That's why the lslam Mosque is also called「Qing-zhen-si」(清真寺),in Chinese。 所以回教堂呢,回教寺,又称为清真寺。
What is Hui-jiao?Actually,the Muslims don't call their religion Hui-jiao,It's the special term for Chinese people,who don't believe in lslam。
就是,回教是中国人不信伊斯兰的人称他为回教,就好像。
It is like the Tibetan Buddhism and we call it Lamaism,But actually the Tibetans don't call their religion Lamaism,There is no such a term as Lamaism,in Tibetan。
这跟西藏佛法呢,藏密啊,他们并不称他们自己叫作「喇嘛教」,那是我们汉地的人称他为喇嘛教,因为他们的和尚称为「喇嘛」,所以就在「喇嘛」后面加上「教」,加上-ism,Lama plus ism 变成Lamaism。同样的,因为回教徒的教主叫做穆罕默德,所以英国人或是西洋人他们不信回教的就把它称为「穆罕默德教」,这样,一样的意思,但是回教徒并不称他们的宗教叫「穆罕默德教」。他们也不会直接喊他们的教主的名字叫穆罕默德,把他的名字称为穆罕默德教,不会。因为那变成有亵渎的意思了,所以他们是成为穆斯林,他们的宗教叫伊斯兰,这样子。
And why is it called Hui-jiao?Because in the past, in the Tang dynasty,Islam was propagated by the race called 「Hui-he」(回纥) into China。
因为伊斯兰教在唐朝的时候由回纥族的人传进中国,所以回纥族的宗教叫做回教,这样子,OK。
And what is Hui-he?The race Hui-he originally,it is called 「Tu-jue」(突厥),Ok,And Tu-jue is the descendants of Huns。
突厥是匈奴的苗裔、后裔。
And in Tang dynasty at the beginning of Tang dynasty,Tu-jue has an insurrection,So, people revolted,and they become Hui-he, OK。
所以在唐朝的时候,突厥啊,大乱呐,其中一部分就独立了,就称为回纥。突厥就是 Hun 就是匈奴,匈奴,突厥跟土耳其Turkey是有相关的,因为匈奴往西发展嘛,就引起西洋人就大迁移啊,所以现在的匈牙利就是突厥的地方,就是匈奴,匈奴种,所以,Turkey也是跟这个种族有关系,这样的。就是说回纥在唐朝的时候寿判离突厥就称为回纥,回纥人呢,就帮助郭子仪平定安史之乱,平定了以后呢,郭子仪就奉朝廷之命就赐他们的名字叫作「回鹘」,改成这个名字,「回鹘」。他们因为平乱有功嘛,所以他们的疆土就扩大了,就拥有了内蒙古跟外蒙古,合在一起,内外蒙古都是回鹘的地方,所以,这就是现在的蒙古人的祖先呐。
So, in Tang dynasty, Hui-he, the race Hui-he helped, assisted the general Guo Ziyi pacify insurrection called「An-Shi」(安史),and so their territory was expanded into the inner and outer Mongolia。
在唐文宗的时候,回纥又大乱了,大乱了以后呢,就往西逃,逃到新疆,就散居在新疆的东南部,因此新疆又称为「回疆」,因为他们信仰回教,他们的宗教叫回教,所以新疆又称为回疆。
In the latter Tang dynasty,Hui-he has a riot and they moved to Shinkiang,and to the southeast of Shinkiang,and so, Shinkiang is also called 「Hui-jiang」(回疆),the territory of the Hui-he。
在元代的时候,回疆呢就併于蒙古,又称为「畏吾儿」,畏吾儿。
So, this is the development of Hui-he and their religion。
这就是回纥人以及他们的宗教——回教的发展。
所以,the northeast of China is the territory of lslams,And then, the Koran。Koran 翻成《可兰经》,It is translated as 「Ke-lan-jing」(可兰经),But the Muslims don't call their Bible Koran,They call it, from Arabic,Qu'ran。
称为「古兰经」,伊斯兰教的人称他们的经典叫作「古兰经」,不是「可兰经」,可兰经,Koran,是西洋人他们可能念 Qu’rān 不好念,就念Koran,所以是这样子的。
In Arabic, Qu'ran means book。
在阿拉伯文里面呢,古兰经的意思就是书,这个跟基督教的圣经一样,《圣经》叫作 Bible。Bible什么意思?Bible是从拉丁文来,叫Biblio,Bbiblio的意思就是book,所以也是书,所以,法文叫Bibliotèque,中文又类似,中文的最古的一本书叫做「书经」,知道吧?诗、书、易、礼、乐、春秋,六经,对不对?《书经》呢,又称为「尚书」,《尚书》其实这个「尚」就是这个「上」,上古之书,就称为「上书」。
So, the ancient book is called 「Shang-Shu」(尚书),「Shu-Jing」(书经)。
什么叫上书呢?
What is called the ancient book?It is an ancient history...A history of ancient times。
这是一本写古代历史的书。
About the Three Emperors。
就写三皇五帝的那个书,叫作上书。
Generally speaking, it is all about politics,Ok。
主要都是讲政治啦,三皇五帝他就是帝王嘛,讲他们的政治。
So, the Chinese people like politics very much ,from the beginning。
所以中国人对于政治很有兴趣,一开始就崇尚政治,《尚书》就是主要就是讲政治啊,而且也就是对于帝王歌功颂德,把三皇五帝当作圣人。
and they praise the Three Emperors,in the ancient times,and regarded them as saints or holy people,but actually, they are just emperors,not really holy people,but the Chinese people tends to exaggerate。
中国人就很会夸大,把帝王就都称为圣人。所以,皇帝的身体不能说皇帝的身体,那个太没有文化了。要这样讲才对,而且不但没有文化,还犯了不敬之罪,大不敬。要称「圣躬」,圣躬就是皇帝的身体。那说皇帝有点小毛病啊,圣躬微恙,这就是皇帝有一点小毛病。
So, and what is Koran?The Koran is the word of Allah,dictated through Gabriel to Mohammed,What is called the Koran?The Koran is the word of Allah。
《可兰经》呢是阿拉,也就是唯一的真神阿拉的话。
dictated through Gabriel。Gabriel是大天使,Archangel, Gabriel,经由大天使 Gabriel 传述给穆罕默德,这样子。我是做了一点功课啊,History of the Arabs,《阿拉伯人史》。(阿闍梨拿书给示)因为这个太破旧了,这个是旧书台买的,然后,yeah, The Koran,《可兰经》,这英文的啦,in English。
OK, so, it was...the Koran was dictated through Gabriel to Mohammed。
所以是上帝的话经由大天使 Gabriel转述的。Gabriel中文怎么翻?皆伯利尔,我看到这个的时候我就有一点奇怪,因为我到底不是教徒嘛,就觉得上帝的话为什么要经过大天使转述呢?譬如在基督教里面,上帝都是御驾亲征,如果上帝要跟谁讲话,他就会直接跟那个人讲话,譬如说跟约伯啊,跟亚伯拉罕呐,跟摩西呀。
When I was reading these books,I have misgiving that since the word of the Allah,is to be given to Mohammed,why did not Allah make the speech directly to Mohammed instead of make the dictation by Gabriel,so it is indirectly。
那个是变成间接的了嘛。
Because in Christianity,when God wants to speak to someone,he speaks to him directly,although he does not appear in form。
基督教的神通常,如果他要跟谁讲话,他就直接跟他讲,虽然并没有现形,没有现身。因为可能他长得不好看,跟苏格拉底一样。
So, such as when God speaks to Abraham,or to Job, or to Moses,he speaks to them directly,So, he does not speak to them,through a medium indirectly。
所以基督教的神呢,跟他的信徒讲话的时候呢,或是使徒讲话的时候,都是直接的跟他们讲,而没有经过一个媒介,一个仲介。
and dictated through Gabriel,but what actually happened,when Gabriel appeared to Mohammed,and made the dictation of God's word to Mohammed。
到底大天使Gabriel显现出现在穆罕默德面前,而为他转述上帝的圣旨的时候,谕旨的时候,那么那个情况是怎么样?什么情况?什么发生的呢?
Usually, according these books,It says...in this book it says,First of all, in this book,it says that Mohammed would go into a trance,So, this is the key point of religions ,not just lslam,but all religions has this 「trance」,Mohammed would go into trance。
他会变成神智恍惚。
and then Gabriel dictates the God's words,and then in his trances,either within or after the trance,he would relay the words of God,to his people, his close people,and then they would,inscribe ontranscribe his words,take down the words to the notes,to become a book, OK。
所以,当大天使Gabriel显现在穆罕默德的面前的时候,要传上帝的圣旨的时候,圣言呐,那个时候穆罕默德就会进入神智恍昏的状态,在神智恍昏之中,他就听到,别人都听不到啦,你知道吗?
But the words, the dictation of Gabriel,is heard only by Mohammed,but not any others。
所以 Gabriel 的话呢,只有穆罕默德听得到,别人听不到。
And then, in his trance or after his trance。
而在他在神情恍惚,神智恍惚之中,以及神智过了恍惚的时候,就 either way,他在恍惚之中就会讲出说,大天使跟他讲的话,然后他在旁边的人就把它抄下来,就记录下来,出了神情恍惚的那个情况呢,好, 这神情恍惚是什么呢?啊,先讲完这个,出了神情恍惚之后呢,他的随从呢,就身边的人吶、最亲近的信徒啊,以及弟子啊,就会把它写下来,然后把他们所写下来的再读给他听,然后他再补充,这样子,再补充把大天使的话以及他们所写的,再补充,这样子。
So, after he went out of trance,he would take a look or hear,the transcription of the words of Gabriel,by his adherents,and then he will correct or edit the text。
他就会 correct 修改、修订,或是校订经文,这样子,上帝的话。
But to my understanding,God's words are supposed to be perfect,Right?So, generally speaking,it does not have to be corrected or edited ,right?
 因为上帝的话是圣言吶,一定是正确的,所以记下来就是最正确的,就应该是不用再修改了,对不对?但是还要再改正、修改,然后编订。
and this happens several times。
而这个呢,发生了很多次,就之后不时的还要校订,就好像我翻译佛经一样,一校、二校、二校、四校, 这样子。《可兰经》也是这样子,要经过好多校。
So...now the important key point,or the similarity of all religions is this trance。
在所有的宗教里面,最重要的那个key point,主要的点、关键点,就在这个神智恍惚。
and the so-called trance,is the gem of all religions。
所谓的神智恍惚,是所有宗教的钻石、的宝石。
It is actually like「神灵附体’or「启灵」,道教的「啓灵」或是「ki-dang」(台语,「啓乩」 ),and also called「神灵显现」。
in Christianity,Epiphany, the manifestation of Saints,or Gods or angels is called epiphany,ok。And when these occur,people would go into like a trance。
当这些事情发生的时候,所以神灵显现或是显圣都是一样,都是 trance 那种情况,也像乩童,起乩了,然后就「he he」,对不对?就「he he he he」。
And some Taoists and Christians also,when they worship, they would go like,」he he he he」, like this,so they are seemingly in a trance。
就好像是在神情恍惚,很陶醉的样子。
and they lose themselves in it。
他们就在里面忘掉自己了,你知道吗?Ok。
所以epiphany,the manifestation of Saints or Gods,And, so this is Taoism,and this is Christianity,and this is Greek,So, in Taoism,the Taoists would go into a trance,to meet with their deities or god or spirits,或是鬼灵。and this is Taoism, and this is Christianity,这个是基督教,Epiphany,and so, in the Bible it says that,when Jesus or some other Saints,they are also visited by God,and they go into a trance,and God would tell them something,in the trance。
所以,那些圣徒啊或是圣者啊,基督教的圣者啊,当上帝驾临的时候,来跟他讲话的时候,他常常也进入神智恍惚的状态,那个时候就称为「显圣」这样子。在他神智恍惚的状态之中呢,神就跟他讲话。
and sometimes he does not go into trance,but God will appears in his dream。
所以有时候呢,上帝呢,是他在梦中,到他的梦中来告诉他,就是托梦啦,这很多,And another,Oracle 就是神谕。
It is Greek,In Greek religion, old religion,the multi-theistic,多神教,他们有很多神。and in the temple of the gods,they always have oracles,they and people go to the temple,to ask for oracle,and this is also similar to the Chinese Taoists,people, even today,even today people go to the Taoist temple,to ask for oracle,抽签卜卦,to ask the advice from the gods, OK。
所以古希腊的人呢,他们到阿波罗的神殿吶,或是维纳斯的神殿吶,等等那个神殿,去求神谕。
when they went there to ask for,to seek oracles,and what would happen?He does not get the oracle directly。
当他去求神谕的时候,这个神没有直接把他的神谕告诉他。
It goes through a medium,or called priest or priestess。
经过一个祭司,告诉那一个…也就是神媒,
the medium of the god。
经过那个神媒,神告诉那个神媒,那个神媒再告诉那个信徒说:「神对你说怎么怎么样」,或者说:「你这一次要去打仗了,会怎么样怎么样」,神告诉你会这样这样这样,你要这么这么做呢?神告诉你说,你要这么这么做,你要做…杀两头羊一头牛,牺牲,布施给…供养阿波罗多少钱啊,等等」。
So, this is oracle, OK。
所以他们希腊人到神殿去求神谕,跟我们道教徒到道观里面去掷茭,「bua-bue」(台语,「throw lots」)呀,抽签卜卦,是一样的意思。基督徒呢,圣者——入了trance,就上帝告诉他怎么怎么怎么。
If God went to an ordinary people,manifests himself to this person,and talk to him about something,and immediately this person becomes a Saint。
如果神去造访了一个普通的人,在他的神智恍惚之中,或是在梦中告诉他说,怎么怎么怎么样啊,然后他出了那个恍惚之中呢…以后,他就变成一个圣人了,因为…为什么 ?因为是神·…他得到神谕,这个神谕通常是说,告诉他他是圣人,
For example, the Christian Mormon,摩门教,the Saints, the latter Saints,「末世圣徒」啊,他们那个教称为,「末世圣徒」,摩门教,Young,杨百翰,His name is 杨百翰(Brigham Young)。
Because he got the oracle,He got the epiphany from God,says that he should establish a new belief,to revolutionize Christianity,the corrupt Christianity。
杨百翰他就梦到神跟他讲,上帝跟他说:「你应该创立一个新的宗教,要改革堕落的基督教」,所以那个就是摩门教,而摩门教怎么改革基督教呢?这大部分是一样,但是它是一夫多妻,跟伊斯兰教一样,所以杨百翰有十几个太太吧,他们在盐湖城,Salt Lake City。
So, in one word, all religions...,all religions have a god or gods,and all religions have something to do with trances,The trances have something to do,with appearance or manifestation of their god,and talking to them,teaching them their dogmas or doctrines。
所以,所有的宗教,都跟神情恍惚这件事情有关系,神情恍惚就是神灵显现,在这个神情恍惚之中呢,他们的教徒呢或是教主啊,就得到神的指示,他们的神的指示,告诉他们,他们的宗教是什么,就创立一个宗教了。
Like Zhang Daoling in Han dynasty,it's also the same。
在东汉的时候,张道陵创了「五斗米教」道教啊,真正的道教,就是拜神的道教不是哲学的道教,那个时候,他就是类似这个样子。得到神谕,命他为天师,这样子的。「天师」就是「天之师」,你知道吗?所以上天还是属于他管的嘞!
So, in review and comparing,all and sundry religions,you know the similarities among them,and you can be conscious of,the merits and demerits of their doctrines。
由于比较、深入比较所有的宗教,你就可以看到所有宗教的一个主要的共同点,然后你就可以知道这些宗教的,有什么优点,有什么缺点,OK?
What is the merits of religions of gods?
什么是一切神教的优点呢?什么是一切神教的 merit ,优点?lt is hypnotism,催眠。
So, the founder or the priests,or their head believers would go into trance,to get the message from their gods,and to create the religion,and to teach their people,So, trance is like hypnotism。
所以 trance 神智恍惚的状态,就好像催眠一样,所以他们的教主啊, 或是他们的主教啊,后代的主教啊,圣人吶,也都是从神智恍惚之中, 跟他们的神接触,得到他们的神的教示,所以那个情况呢就跟催眠差不多,所以让你昏昏入睡一样,在昏昏入睡之中,得到指示的明灯。
But as opposed,to Buddhism,as opposed to Buddhism,and only Buddhism,The Buddha teaches us Awakening。
只有佛教——在佛教中,佛教我们众生要 awake,醒觉,instead of sleeping,而不是昏睡。
So, this is antipodes。
就正好是针锋相对,南辕北辙,antipodes。
So, you know the merits of all religions,all other religions,their merit is hypnotism,Because you are hypnotized,so, you will follow the teaching,without thinking, unthinkingly。
因为你已经被催眠了,所以呢,你会遵照神的教谕去做,就好像你已经是睡着了一样,就昏昏的、迷糊迷糊的,就跟着神的教示走。
And so you would never rebel,You will never say no,Because you are in a dream, or dreamlike,or semi-dream。
所以你如果信那个宗教,你就好像被催眠了一样,你就好像在梦中,或是半梦之中、睡梦之中,所以,你就在睡梦之中,毫无自由意志,就跟着所谓神的教谕呢,谕旨啊去做,毫无反抗,也没有辩驳,这样子,有如在睡梦之中,但是,佛法正好相反,要你从人生大梦里面醒觉,awake and to be enlightened,醒觉而且得到觉道。休息。

Why is Buddhism the Best?
「为什么佛法最棒?」

📄 原文
分析