第七集
主讲者:
日本高野山真言宗【东密】第五十三世 三国传灯灌顶阿阇梨
贤首宗兼慈恩宗 第四十二世法脉传人:释成观阿阇梨
please join your palms,请合掌。
南无本师释迦牟尼佛
Namo Root Guru Shakyamuni Buddha(三称)
开经偈:
无上甚深微妙法 百千万劫难遭遇
我今见闻得受持 愿解如来真实义
The Sutra-opening Gatha,The supremely profound,wondrously sophisticated Dharma,Is hard to encounter in millions of Kalpas,And now that l am able to hear,read and uphold it,I' wish to comprehend the real import,of the Thus-Adventist,Release your palms。
请放掌。
Today, let's go on with our speech。
今天我們继续讲。
From last time,Last time, we have almost finished with,the Chinese religions。
上次我们大概完成了这个中国的宗教的讨论,根据《易经》及《老子》,在学术上中国并没有所谓「造物主」之说。
According to 1-Ching,Lao-tzu,and other writings,Academically,in China,there is no such a saying as the Creator,Academically, not mythologically,If mythologically,then it is not agreed upon by most people。
不是学术的,在学术上并没有「造物主」之说,但是在神话上In-folklore,世俗流传的传说folklore,大家传言啊。There is a Creator like女媧,is supposed to be a Creator of the Universe,or the Earth and the Heaven ,女娲被说成是造天设地的神,
But there is no historical or academic writing,about this,So,it is only a legend, a mythology。
所以那只是传说而已,在中国呢,天地乃自然衍生、演化,没有真正创造的神。
In China,the Heaven and Earth,were naturally evolved,and so,there was no real Creator or God,in Chinese civilization or Chinese culture。
在中国文化或是这个整个学术里面呢,并没有所谓的造物主,确实的一个造物主,至于天Heaven,只是一种民俗信仰,而非一种学说。
As-for the Heaven,it is only a folklore belief,a folk belief,and it is not a learning,no official writing about it。
所以,虽然没有正式的学术论著,但中国人几千年来普遍都相信天是有的,而且,天是一切万物的造物主。
Although,there is no official writing,or academical works,to state about the Heaven ,but throughout thousands of years,the Chinese have always believed,that the Heaven is existent。天是存在的。
And they also believe that,the Heaven is the real Creator of everything。
那不只是这样子,天也是最高的司法者,就是什么?赏善罚恶,然后,是公平的,是正义的,赏善罚恶的最后的依靠。
Furthermore, He is not just the Creator,He does not create and leaves it like
that。他不是把它创造出来,然后就算了,这样的。
But he even go ahead and execute,the operation of the world。
他還甚至於就是主司這個,这一个他所创造的天地万物呢,是怎样的运作。And the most important of all is that, he is the highest legislator。
立法者,司法者。
and he deals out justice, and he is believe to be just ,and to be righteous, he can deal out punishment,or reward to People,If they are good,then they are rewarded,If they are evil,then they are punished。
所以,他是正义的,然后所以他可以赏善罚恶,因此,人不能无法无天。
and so,the Chinese People have always believed, that they cannot go without,Or do not take it into heart,the Law and the Heaven ,But the law and Heaven ,Whose law is that? this law is Heaven ly Law。
所以,人不能无法无天,中国人都是相信的。而这个法是什么法呢?法是天的法,这个法是天设的。
They believe that, the laws are instituted by the Heaven ,so, nobody can go against the Law,Ok?Although,In reality,the laws are instigated or made by ,the Emperor or some people,But they believe the laws are,should be followed, because the Heaven supervises the law, or the institution of the law。
人必须要守法,虽然那个法是王法,但是大家相信说,那个王法呢,是上天在审视的,上天在督导的,而成立的法。
So,if the.... no... if somebody does not regard the Heaven and the law, as important, or he does not believe in the Heaven and the law。无法无天。Then the whole world will be in commotion。
如果无法无天,整个天下就大乱了。
So,Furthermore.The Chinese people, believe in their sayings that the Heaven has eyes, which means He sees,He supervises everything, and everything people are doing。
老天是有眼的,那是指说这个天呢,它一直都看着,一直都在监督着这个人类的一切作为,虽然他并没有形象显示,但是,中国人却是这样相信着。
Although,it does not probably manifested,but the Chinese People,Have always believed that to be true,So,when in time that the world, or the country is in turbulence,In turbulence,就当天下大乱的时候, at that time,a lot of people do not believe in Heaven and law,but usually it did not last very long,And later on,it will come down , everybody return to the earliest。
所以,当天下大乱的时候呢,很多人不相信有天、有法,就是无法无天哪,所以就乱搞了,但是那个通常都不会很久,然后,乱了一段时间以后,它就会平静下来。
So the belief of Heaven,We don't want to say that it is true or not,but, it maintains peace and lawfulness,and guides the right and the wrong of doing, for the Chinese People,So there at least is a guideline for behavior,So,and in this belief,people would seem to have a conscience。
所以,不管这个天的信仰是真的还是假的,但是它至少是提供了中国民族的一种行为上的一个规范,无形的规范。然后,所以呢,这个天下就会比较平静、平稳,然后,这个所有的行为呢,就都有一个标准,而且人也就都比较会有一个所谓的「良心」,这个良心呢,conscience is translated as良心。然后,中文又有一个良知、良能,那么甚至要一个天良,对不对?
all these things has something to do with the Heaven,Why do we have conscience or良心? good heart?Because it is given to us by the Heaven ,so you got it naturally without your effort。
所以那个所谓的良心呢,是天给你的,而你不用努力,你自然就有的,所以,这个天然而有的这种心,叫做良心、良知、良能,那么,就是说,can be translated as conscient knowledge,And良能,conscient ability,why is it called conscient Knowledge and ability?Because this kind of knowledge and ability,Come directly from the Heaven,It gives us this knowledge and this ability,indigenously,innately,or inherently。就是天生自然的。
all these words mean the same thing。
这些字都是同样的意思,都是天生天然,Indigenously, innately, inherently,inbornly。
And why is it inbornly?because the Heaven gives us,give that to us,when were born。
当我们出生的时候,要生出来的时候,天,老天给我们的,所以,那种心叫做良心,或者我们在赌咒的时候:「天地良心呐」!就是这个。
所以,Therefore,the belief in the Heaven,is of the utmost important thing,in the Chinese culture。
在中国文化里面呢,对天的信仰,是最至高重要的。
Even the Emperors throughout the generations,from year to year,they need to do one official duty,That is to pay homage to the Heaven 。
从古以来,几千年来,历代的皇帝,年年,每一年,都要做一件他公有的事情,上班的事情,这职务啊,公职啊,就是祭天。
所以He can do it in the Emperor city,or he can go to Taishan to do it。
所以,这皇帝呢,祭天可以就在这个北京的天坛作,要不然,他就到这个泰山去祭天,表示最高的崇敬,祈求天的保佑,保护他的帝国跟他的臣民,这样子。
So,without the Heaven,the imperial state would not be able to sustain。
如果没有天的信仰,这中华这个帝国,就没有办法维持。
So,we know that religion is part of politics。
所以我们就知道,宗教是政治的一部分。
And religion has become a tool of politics,And it is also the same with the Chinese,although the Chinese is the most practical people, in all the world。
所以,這個連中國人都是這個樣子,虽然中国人呢,是最实际的,而且最不迷信的,但是他还是要有一个这样的信仰,才能够维持他的生活、生命、生计,以及整个国家的安定。所以我们说天下大乱,我们不说地球大乱,而说天下大乱,天下面乱了。
everything important is referred to as.....related to the Heaven,so we dont say 「the world is in commotion」,But we say「under the Heaven」,这个天下,But as I have learned and studied Buddhism,for over thirty years,practiced Buddhism for over thirty years,and I have a deep belief in Buddhism,And,But,In researching and considering about all religions,now we have confronted with the Chinese religion ,and we know the hardcore,of the Chinese religion is the Heaven,OK。
虽然我已经学习佛法三十几年,然后我深入佛法,而且我们现在在谈这个佛法以及宗教,然后我们现在深入了佛法,深入了所有的世界宗教以后,我们看到中国的宗教里面。
Although in the Chinese religions,there is Taoism,there is Confucianism,the semi- religion, and others,But one religion is not related,is not mentioned in textbook, is the religion of the Heaven 。
在这个教科书里面提到,在研究中国的宗教里面,什么宗教都提到了,这个儒、释、道啊什么都提到,然后都去研究了,但是唯一的,最重要的,核心的Hardcore,的核心的信仰呢,没有提到。那个才是真正中国人的宗教,那个是没有文字的宗教,那是无字天书,你知道吗?什么宗教呢?天教,「天之教」。
Throughout the Chinese cultures,No matter,What academic learning,You are Specialized in,But you can never go against Heaven,They are always Included in the Heaven。
中国文化里面,你不管是学哪一家,诸子百家都包括在内,都逃不掉天,这个天的信仰是纵横,已经渗透到所有的中国文化,人心里面的四肢百骸、血液,全都有「天」的那个迹象在里面,儒、道、墨、阴、阳、农、兵、工等等诸子百家、九流十家全都信天,没有一个说,没有天或者不要天,绝对没有。所以如果你真正研究中国宗教的话,这个中国真正的宗教,是天。那至于祭祖呢,祭祖是从天来的,所以拜天、祭祖,这是一套,你知道吗?所以这个天是涵盖一切,无所不至的,所有的中国人的学术信仰全都在那里面。你看即使世界上,我觉得最没有宗教信仰的就是史学家,历史学家,对不对?他比科学家还要所谓客观,因为他学史学,应该以很客观的立场来看,甚至看所有的学术、所有的研究,对不对?但是即使是中国的史学家,也是信天的!没有一个,最后讲的不讲天的,你知道吗?所以都是以天为依皈。
So,in the Chinese culture,No matter what Learnings You are devoted to,but you got to have the belief In the Heaven,The Heaven,the belief of the Heaven,Permeates every sphere of the Chinese culture,Ok。Now we come to a very hard,difficult,a difficult problem,Now we are a Buddhist,And we Believe in Buddha,And as a practitioner of Buddhism,how do I look upon the Heaven?ok。
我们现在就碰到一个很困难的问题,也就是说,作为一个佛教徒,我们是信佛的,那我们如何来看待这个天?
and how are we going to deal with the belief,and the practice about the Heaven?
Ok,it seems difficult at first,Last time,I have specified the merits of Buddhism,There are four points。
上次我曾经指出说,这个,佛教最棒的理由有四个,一个是逻辑性,第二个是道德性,第三个是学术性,第四个实用性。那今天我要提出第五个。
But today,I'm going to point out the fifth one,and the most important One,The most Significant merit of Buddhism,Is this Comprehensive incorporation。
Comprehensive就是广阔的、广泛的,incorporation包容,广泛的包容,所以包容性是佛法最重要的德性之一,什么呢?物物相容,物物自在,物物不相抗,不相抵抗,不相斗争,不相消灭,OK,这是物的性,物性,为什么?如果物物不是互相容纳的话,而没有说互相的抵抗,互相的消灭的话,那所有的物早就消灭光了,是不是?对不对?
So,The most important merit of Buddhism,is comprehensive incorporation, because Buddhism affords,to incorporate Everything in it,Comprehensively and without contradictions,without struggles,without fights,without annihilations,消灭。So,it incorporates everything in it,and it used to do, its still doing, and is going to do it。
佛教以前是这样子,现在是这样子,未来也是会这样子,一直都是包容一切,而在他那里面的,里面的一切没有物物相抗,物相杀、相灭,只有物物增长、增上缘,如是而已。所以物物在佛法里面物物相容,物物自在。
So,in Buddhism,Things,Can incorporate or cohabit with others。
一样东西可以跟其他东西共存,Peacefully和平共存
And, they don't have to fight,and they never fight,You should know,they never fight,They never struggle。
物与物没有互相斗争,互相打斗。
If they seem to be fighting or struggling,It is your Imagination。
你如果看到物与物互相争、相斗的时候呢,那个不是事实,那个是你的想象,OK,那你的想象是什么?就是妄想,自心妄想,妄想物与物相争、相斗,乃至于人与人相斗,所以也必须要相斗,所以,回教跟耶教相斗,然后,有斗争就有进步,没有,有斗争就有消灭,就有破坏,就有消灭。所以你看几千年来,耶稣教跟回教相争相斗,毁了多少城市,杀了多少人,到现在还不停啊! 到现在,你在欧洲的路上走着,你不知道什么时候会一个炸弹下来啊,是不是?一个汽车过来就把你炸死了,对不对?
It is totally different from Buddhism,So,everything can cohabit,and is still cohabiting,with each other,They don't infringe on others。
物与物不相犯,甚至于连老子都说,道与道互相不悖,所以,一切的道啊,都是互相不相悖,和平都可以和平存在,所以,物物相容,所以物物自在。物物自在,自在什么意思?就自己存在这样。
So,the greatest point in Buddhism Is that,It allows for everything to live,everything to exist,If you want to。
佛教最棒、最伟大的地方,就在于它容许所有的东西都存在。
and he does not judge that this thing is bad,so I need to eliminate it。
佛教不说:「这样东西是坏的,所以我要把它消灭」。没有这样子,如果有东西消灭,是它自己消灭,不是你把它消灭,如果你要把它消灭,你永远消灭不完,是不是?好。
So,greatest virtue of Buddhism is that,it allows everything to exist,the greatest merit of Buddhism,is that it allows everything to exist,to cohabit。
佛教最伟大的长处就是它允许allow,允许所有的东西存在,而且允许他们共住,共同存在。
So, there is no self-Justice,Ok,Now we come to the application, of this theory。
我们把我们刚刚那个结论呢,用在这里。
Now we are living in a world of reality。
我们现在活在一个世界,一个现实的世界。
It is not a world of imagination。
这个不是一个幻想的世界,是实在的世界。
So,There are a lot of realistic things,you need to take care of, for instance,there are two kinds of,Dharmas or things,one is the mundane things,or Mundane Dharmas,世间法,Another is Ultramundane Dharma,or Ultramundane things,「出世间法」,或是「出世间事」,As a Buddhist,as a Buddhist practitioner,we need to practice,the Ultramundane Dharma。
作为一个佛法的修行人,我们应该修习出世间法。
that's right,howeve,dont get mixed up。
但是不要搞混了。
And I know,there are a lot of people,got mixed up with this。
我们是个学佛人,我们修习佛法,所以我们应该修习出世间法,但是不要搞混了,而且我知道很多人搞混了,也就是说,世间与处世间的分际,以及如何调和,你知道吗?Ok。
 and this is the very hard question,对不对?So,Mundane World or Mundane Dharma,Although you believe very strongly,in Buddhism,and you practice Buddhism very hard,very diligently,But don't forget,you are still living in the world,you are still living in the Mundane World。
虽然你对佛法非常深信,而且对佛法的修行非常的用功,在修行,但是不要忘掉,你还是活在世间法里面。
So,you still have got a lot of ,Mundane things to take care of,a lot of Mundane duties to carry out。
你还是有很多世间的事情要处理,还有很多世间的责任要作。
You cannot get out of it,And if you try to ignore,all the Mundane things,Then ,you are living in the air,ok,you are living.....
所以,假如你很用功学,修习佛法,所以大家特别注意噢,然后你就……
Because you are so devoted to Buddhism,and now,you think all the Mundane things, are not importan to you,And You don't love it anymore,You don't like it anymore,And you want to ignore everything,about the Mundane World,That may be good,but may be bad,Ok?Because, don't forget that, you are still a human being ,and you are still living in the world,and you need to eat,And you need to.....because you need to eat, and you need to rest,right?So, you need to eat,you need to have food,and you need to rest,you need to have a house,right?And the food and house,Where do they come from?from work,from money,So you need to ,still have to have money to get those,Or for example,you need to have a shrine,to worship,right?But how can you get a shrine,without money?Ok。
所以,你很认真的学习,但是呢,你还是要吃,还是要喝,还是要住,还是要休息,你要吃、要住,那要钱,对不对?
所以,A lot of people,I know that,they get tired of the Mundane World,And they get tired of work,They don't want to work,and they only want to practice Buddhism,but you don't have a job, and you don't have a house,And you don't have money,Then how can you do it?Ok,And so,a lot of people at this stage,they would consider,to renounce the secular home。
出家。OK,在这个阶段呢,就有些人就想到要出家。
But to renounce the secular home,is not so easy,Ok?First of all,you have to have the qualification。Second,you need to find a good Master。Third,you need to have a place to stay in,after you become a nom or a priest a monk。
所以,你出家以后。对,你要出家,然后第一个,你要看你的资格,你够不够资格,那这资格又很麻烦了,第一个,有内外的种种要求,「内」就是你真正的舍弃的世间,不贪爱,然后,而且没有记挂,没有老婆、没有老公、没有孩子、没有父亲、没有母亲,阻挡你,对不对?没有世间的种种义务要尽,然后,还有呢,接着你要找到一个适合的师父,然后还有,这更难了,那个师父要能够接受你,喔,这个超难,对不对?然后找到了,但是,你还有,内心还有一些问题,本身还有些问题,你过去有没有造一些恶业,你造些恶业也不能出家,比如说六亲行淫啊,然后,甚至于就是堕胎太多啊,不管你有没有结婚,你过去堕胎太多,你恐怕出家也很难修,那还有,甚至于这个,毁谤三宝啊,逼僧还俗啊,这一些恶业,这个破坏佛寺啊,霸占佛寺啊,逼僧还俗啊,譏辱毀罵三寶啊,这些重业都会障碍你修障碍你修,障碍你出家,这个我都会列入考虑,你知道吗?其他人我不晓得,因为这种,这个就是五逆重罪,你知道吗?
So, there are a Lot of qualifications,That you need to meet,And finally,you need to have a place to stay in,After you renounce the secular home,Ok?Now,in Buddhism,to the Buddha,the Mundane World or mundane things, are the foundation of the Ultramundane。
世间法是出世间法的根基。
for instance,if you are a pious son,a dutiful son,And you can listen to your parents,and you provide for your parents,and you respect your parents and teachers,Then you are,at this point,you are qualified to be a Buddhist,especially a Buddhist monk or nun,Because you need to respect the Buddha,and the Samgha,So,respect,and,So,the Mundane foundation,is for the Ultramundane。
所以世间的基础是为了出世间。
And you should be a faithful person,You should be loyal。
所以你必须要是一个忠诚的,然后,不能一天到晚,想东想西,跑来跑去的这样子,这个信心都不定这样。
But most important of all is that,the Buddha incorporates the Mundane,into the Ultramundane。
佛把世间法包容在出世间法里面。
The mundane World is incorporated into,the Ultramundane。
所以世间法是被包含在出世间法里面。
So, in practicing the Ultramundane,You don't have to and you cannot,eliminate the Mundane。
你在修行佛法,你不能去除,甚至要消灭世间法,它们必须要同时存在。
And to tell you the most astounding fact,is that。
告诉你们一个最令人惊讶、惊异的事情,是什么呢?
When you have been enlightened,by the Buddha Dharma,in the Ultramundane,and to become even the great Pusa,or a Buddha,then what is your function?What are you going to do?You are....What you are going to do,is not in the Ultramundane,is not in the Ultramundan。.
告诉你这个最令人惊异的事情,你恐怕没有听过。
Join your palms and listen to this。
和掌听:当你证了佛道,你开悟了,变成大菩萨,变成佛了以后,你所要做的事不是在出世间,而是在世间。你开悟了以后,是要度世间人,对不对?要不然你开悟的时候,你还去度出世间人吗?出世间人不需要你度,你知道吗?他们那些大菩萨可以,尽够自己自修、自悟、自度了,对不对?然后他们就已经是坐上了这个菩提的快车了,根本不需要.......基本上来讲,不需要再佛来度了,需要佛来度的或是大菩萨来度的,就是世间人而已。所以,你修行成果了以后,有成果了以后,你是要到世间来度人,所以你不能说一学佛,就要把世间全部消灭掉,对不对?消灭掉以后,成佛,你成佛以后怎么办?你成佛以后你就失业了。
So,your work after your enlightenment,When you are enlightened,in Buddha Dharma,what is your work?Your work is in the Mundane World,which is to enlighten the Mundane people,or Mundane beings,ok,So,the Mundane and the Ultramundane,in Buddhism,should cohabit,should exist at the same time,ok。
所以呢,佛法里面,世间跟出世间是一定要同时存在,如果不同时存在,你成就了以后,也没有用了,是不是?那甚至于,你在修行的时候,我问你,你说你修出世间法,你修出世间法,对不对?OK,那么,你用什么来修出世间法?或者说,你用什么心来修出世间法?或者说,你用什么身来修出世间法?我问你。
So, if i ask you,when you say I'm practicing on,the Ultramundane Dharma,then I will ask you,What do you use to practice,the Ultramundane Dharma?What kind of mind do you use,to practice the Ultramundane Dharma?What kind of body do you use,to practice the Ultramundane Dharma?It is your present mind and present body,Isn't it?
是不是?你指定是不是你所用的是现在的,现身跟现心。
And your present body and present mind,is the Mundane body and the Mundane mind,right?And the things you use,the place you stay in to worship,to practice is also Mundane。
而你所修行的地方,所用的器具等等,全都是世间的,是不是?所以,你怎么能说,你只是对出世间法有兴趣,那只要出世间法就可以了。如果只有出世间法,而没有世间法,你也没有办法修,因为你所用的身跟心都是世间身、世间心,你所供的供物,所拜的佛像,都是色声香味触法,对不对?那个都是世间的,你如何能够逃离掉世间的东西而修……,完全不用世间的东西而修出世间法,那是空中的楼阁,那是想象的,那是虚妄的。所以,近代有人说,常常说,「啊,我又有誠意,我烧一片心香」。什么玩意儿嘛,怎么还有烧一片心香,你若真的誠心,你就烧一只香嘛,你又不是大菩萨,你能够心想事成,有大神通,然后一想香,然后,香就出现了,然后,再一想,这支香点着了,它就点着了,这个变成,已经成就他受用的神通了,你知道吗?所以不要那胡说。所以,世间与出世间,是一定要同时存在,而且一定要和平共存,而且一定是和平共存的。如果不是和平共存,你那个人修行,就修的不对,你修出世间法,然后就跟世间人「qi qi ga ga」(台:摩擦、起衝突),就扦格不入啊,然后你就瞧不起世间人,瞧不起世间法,然后以为你所知道所认识的事,出世间法,是最高无上,所以因为你托出世间法的福,你也变成至高无上,对不对?不对!休息。
Why is Buddhism the Best?
「为什么佛法最棒?」

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